CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is an IT certification in networking from Cisco Systems. CCNA certification is focuses on security, cloud, collaboration, security operations, design, data center technologies, industrial plants, service providers, and wireless. After completing the CCNA course training, candidates can explore jobs availability in any of the sector in the industry. The prominent domains such as manufacturing, wholesale, retail, services, and IT, requires CCNA networking professionals to handle their networking requirements and data routing.
There are two types, namely IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4- 32 bit address and IPv6-128 bit address.
127.0.0.1 is used for loopback address and also for local testing purposes.
Loopback means looping to our own systems, checking our own systems. It is used to test whether TCP/IP stack is correctly installed.
Open System Interconnection (OSI)layers.
The job of the Data Link layer is to check messages are sent to the right device. Another function of this layer is framing.
Network congestion occurs when too many users are trying to use the same bandwidth. This is especially true in big networks that do not resort to network segmentation.
100BASE-FX is a version of Fast Ethernet over optical fiber.
The maximum limit is 15 hop counts. Anything higher than 15 indicates that the network is considered unreachable.
Erase startup-config is the command to delete preconfigured files on the router.
Service Password Encryption command encrypts plain text password into type 7 password. These are not very much secure and can be easily decrypted.
MTU stands for “Maximum Transmission Unit.” When you configure a router, a default MTU is set. MTU determines the maximum size of a packet that is sent across the network. You can increase MTUs across the network, but this setting generally slows down the network compared to smaller MTU settings. Some network applications require larger MTU sizes, and that’s when you need to manually configure MTU sizes on your routers.
Advantages of using Switches:
DLCI stands for Data Link Connection Identifiers. These are normally assigned by a frame relay service provider to identify each virtual circuit that exists on the network uniquely.
Cross cables are used to connect the same group devices while straight cables are used to connect different group devices.
For example: If you want to connect one PC to another PC, you have to use cross cable while, to connect one switch to a router, you have to use a straight cable.
VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network.
When the topology enables the computers on the network only to listen and receive the signals, it is known as passive topology because they don't amplify the signals anyway.
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID is a method which is used to standardize and categorize fault-tolerant disk systems. RAID levels provide various facilities like performance, cost, reliability, etc. These three are the mostly used RAID levels:
Protocol data units (PDU) are the minimum possible units used at different layers of the OSI model to transport data.
Layers | PDU |
Transport | Segments |
Network | Packets/Datagrams |
Data-link | Frames |
Physical | Bits |
BootP is a short form of Boot Program. It is a protocol that is used to boot diskless workstation connected to the network. BootP is also used by diskless workstations to determine its IP address and also the IP addresses of server PC.
Frame Relay is used to provide connection-oriented communication by creating and maintaining virtual circuits. It is a WAN protocol that is operated at the Data Link and physical layer to sustain high-performance rating.
How frame relay works.
Frame relay multiplexes the traffic coming from different connections over a shared physical medium using special purpose hardware components such as routers, bridges, switch that packages the data into a frame relay messages. It reduces the network latency, i.e., the number of delays. It also supports the variable sized packet for the efficient utilization of network bandwidth.
Latency is the amount of time delay. It is measured as the time difference between at the point of time when a network receives the data, and the time it is sent by another network.
MAC address stands for Media Access Control address. This is an address of a device which is identified as the Media Access Control Layer in the network architecture. The MAC address is unique and usually stored in ROM.
There are five types of passwords can be set on a Cisco router:
A checksum is a count of the number of bits in a transmission data that is included with the data so that the receiver can check to see whether the same number of bits arrived. If the counts match, it’s assumed that the complete transmission was received.
There are five types of passwords can be set on a Cisco router:
These two modes are somewhat self-explanatory. The user mode allows the user to view router status and basic system information. With privileged mode access status, the router can be configured and all status messages and errors can be viewed. User mode and privileged mode separates standard users on the network and network administrators who need to not only view router status but also make changes to the router’s configurations.
The average job crisis is rising across job markets. But, when it is concerning to networking professionals, the requirement of CCNA professionals are at higher side. CCNA aspirants having in-depth knowledge and skill-based training are able find quick jobs at better salaries across the industry. CCNA networking professionals are required in every place. A CCNA candidate is expected a minimum salary of 30, 000 dollars per annum. But, this figure is not the last digit. Once the candidate is able to attain experience and skill in the field, the salary assurance gets to double. The salaries are very reliant upon the location, business, and the company’s requirements.
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